Match the control to the crane and the crane to the whole suspended load. Trial balance, travel clearance, signals and the final landing each need their own checks.
This is reference content written and revised with AI. It has not been verified or approved by a professional. Review by a suitably qualified professional and required site authorization are necessary before use.
Stop conditions first
Do not lift with unknown weight, center, rigging rating or lifting points. Stop for control/direction mismatch, brake/guard fault, tilting, sling movement, lost view/signals or people entering the load path.
1. US legal and technical basis
General-industry indoor overhead-crane handling under OSHA 1910.179 and applicable sling requirements in 1910.184. Construction lifting and other crane types require their distinct assessment; this scope does not authorize side pulls or special lifts.
| Reference | Use and limit |
|---|---|
| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.179 | Selected load handling paragraph (n), pre-shift no-load upper-limit trial and prohibition on using that limit as an operating control. This scope excludes side pulls despite the regulation conditional exception. |
| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.184 | Selected rating/identification, competent-person pre-use sling inspection, edge protection, clearance and no hands between tightening sling/load requirements. |
| OSHA State Plans | Federal baseline and State Plan coverage reviewed. Confirm the applicable state program and employer coverage; this edition does not establish nationwide compliance. |
Determine whether Federal OSHA or an applicable State Plan governs the employer and work. Standards incorporated into a regulation must be read in their legally applicable edition. Other NFPA/ANSI guidance and manufacturer instructions have distinct roles; they are not automatically federal law.
2. Scope and required inputs
Included
Use one identified indoor overhead crane with ground-level controls and suitable rigging to lift ordinary material vertically, transfer along a controlled route and land on prepared supports.
Separate assessment
Mobile/tower/floor-rail gantry cranes, installation/repair, tandem lifts, personnel lifting, magnets/vacuum attachments, hot/hazardous loads and stuck-load or side-pull recovery are excluded.
| Input | Evidence needed |
|---|---|
| Plan load and landing | Material/weight basis; Point and rigging design; Route/adjacent work; Landing and roles |
| Inspect crane and rigging | Crane/sling IDs; Hook and sling condition; Controller/brake checks; Shift limit-test record |
| Verify initial lift | Balance and rigging; Brake response; Support separation; Interference check |
| Park and hand over | Hook/controller state; Crane/rigging defects; Load and support status; Restrictions/receiver |
Selected public official provisions were checked on October 13, 2026. This is not a complete legal audit. No actual equipment manual, site measurements, engineering calculations, product certification or professional technical approval was supplied. Full paid NFPA/ANSI standards and state/local amendments were not reviewed. Check actual equipment, jurisdiction and project requirements before use.
Select task-appropriate eye, hand, foot, skin and hearing protection from the exposure assessment. Where respiratory protection is necessary, use the applicable respiratory-protection program; PPE does not replace isolation, guarding, support or ventilation.
3. Eight-stage JSA
| Job stage | Hazards and effects | Failure factors | Controls | Site verification | P | S | R | A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Plan load and landing | 1. Overload2. Lifting-point failure3. Structure collision4. Unstable landing | 1. Rigging weight omitted2. Center unknown3. Route unreviewed4. Supports unsuitable | 1. Verify total load and center2. Confirm lifting points3. Plan route/exclusion4. Prepare stable supports | 1. Material/weight basis2. Point and rigging design3. Route/adjacent work4. Landing and roles | ||||
| 2. Inspect crane and rigging | 1. Load drops2. Wrong crane moves3. Brake fault4. Limit device failure | 1. Sling damaged/unmarked2. Controller confused3. Checks omitted4. Limit used to stop routinely | 1. Inspect ratings/condition2. Match controller/directions3. Complete required checks4. Trial upper limit unloaded | 1. Crane/sling IDs2. Hook and sling condition3. Controller/brake checks4. Shift limit-test record | ||||
| 3. Rig and clear zone | 1. Sling slips2. Finger crush3. Edge cuts sling4. Person struck | 1. Hitch/angle wrong2. Hands in tension zone3. Edge unprotected4. Area open | 1. Use planned rated rigging2. Center hook vertically3. Protect edges4. Exclude load path | 1. Hitch/angle/points2. Hook/load center3. Edge protection4. Signaler and exclusion | ||||
| 4. Verify initial lift | 1. Load tilts2. Sling moves3. Brake allows descent4. Load catches support | 1. Tension unchecked2. Hands correct balance3. Brake test omitted4. Attachment still secured | 1. Stand clear of load2. Check secure low lift3. Test brakes as required4. Lower if balance fails | 1. Balance and rigging2. Brake response3. Support separation4. Interference check | ||||
| 5. Travel and traverse | 1. Load swings2. Structure impact3. Person crushed4. Lost control | 1. Sudden motion2. Clearance changes3. People in path4. View/signals lost | 1. Move smoothly2. Watch whole route3. Keep load clear of people4. Stop for lost view/signals | 1. Load/structure clearance2. Route access3. Adjacent crane position4. Communication status | ||||
| 6. Land and unrig | 1. Support overturns2. Hand crush3. Rigging snaps free4. Load moves after contact | 1. Dunnage unstable2. Hands below load3. Tension remains4. Sling trapped underneath | 1. Land on prepared support2. Keep hands clear3. Confirm slack rigging4. Remove only free rigging | 1. Final load stability2. Support contact3. Sling tension4. Safe unrigging path | ||||
| 7. Hold fault or signal loss | 1. Repeat uncontrolled lift2. Suspended load abandoned3. Unsafe recovery4. Unexpected restart | 1. Pause treated as release2. Landing unplanned3. Worker grabs load4. Fault cause unknown | 1. Stop and control area2. Plan safe landing/recovery3. Maintain operator control4. Resolve cause before restart | 1. Symptom/load position2. Exclusion and controls3. Recovery plan4. Corrected checks | ||||
| 8. Park and hand over | 1. Hanging gear strikes2. Defective crane reused3. Unstable stored load4. Unauthorized control use | 1. Hook parked poorly2. Fault unmarked3. Landing status omitted4. Controller unsecured | 1. Park by instructions2. Segregate defective equipment3. Confirm stored-load stability4. Control access and handover | 1. Hook/controller state2. Crane/rigging defects3. Load and support status4. Restrictions/receiver |
Actual risk assessments, measurements, checks, approvals and signatures have not been performed. Keep unverified fields blank and link the actual site records. P/S/R/A mean likelihood, severity, site-method risk and site-defined acceptance/authorization; a score cannot waive a required control.
4. Failure mechanisms and hypothetical case
The retained illustration is an AI-generated educational image from the Korean source. It is not an actual incident photograph, approved drawing, equipment certification or proof that the depicted arrangement is safe.
Include the relevant suspended attachments in the load assessment and match sling ratings to hitch and angle. A closed hook latch does not prove rigging capacity, balance or lifting-point suitability.
Establish proper balance and secure rigging before lifting more than a few inches. OSHA also requires a brake test each time a load approaching rated capacity is handled. A successful initial lift does not remove travel controls.
Read pendant/radio direction marks against the equipment reference, not the direction the operator happens to face. Use the planned signaling system and respond to any stop signal; only the designated restart process releases the hold.
Ground contact is not full support. Confirm the load and dunnage are stable and rigging is slack before disconnecting; never pull a sling trapped under a supported load.
Hypothetical decision example
Hypothetical example: a balanced test lift begins rotating toward a column during travel. The signaler is obscured and a nearby worker reaches to push the load. Motion stops, people remain clear and the crew plans a safe landing before reassessing rigging, route and signaling.
The example is fictional; no incident, measurement, inspection or approval is asserted.
Task flow: Plan load and landing → Inspect crane and rigging → Rig and clear zone → Verify initial lift → Travel and traverse → Land and unrig → Hold fault or signal loss → Park and hand over
5. Hold and proceed decisions
| Condition | Action | Evidence | Proceed when |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight/rigging unknown | Hold lift | Weight, center and rating evidence | Lift plan verified |
| Load tilts or rigging shifts | Lower safely; reassess | Rigging and balance findings | Corrected lift verified |
| View/signal lost | Stop and exclude access | Communication and route restored | Control reestablished |
| Load touches supports | Wait before disconnecting | Stable support and slack rigging | Load self-supported |
Similar observation, different conclusion
| Observation | Supported conclusion | What remains unresolved |
|---|---|---|
| Hook latch closed | Latch condition observed | Capacity and rigging geometry unresolved |
| Load touches floor | Contact occurred | Stability and zero sling tension unproved |
6. Roles and supervision
| Role | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| Work supervisor | Coordinate plan load and landing, affected operations, stop signals and stage transitions. |
| Technical/equipment reviewer | Verify Material/weight basis, Point and rigging design, actual instructions and unresolved technical limits. |
| Task crew | Apply the stated controls, report changes and keep actual checks and signatures factual. |
| Inspector/test lead | Connect Final load stability, Support contact to the required acceptance criteria. |
| Receiving authority | Accept the recorded restrictions, Load and support status, Restrictions/receiver, and follow-up ownership. |
These are responsibility examples, not invented statutory credentials. Verify actual competence, training and authority for the assigned work.
Supervision and handover controls
| Stage | Management controls | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Plan review | 1. Assign technical owner2. Close task-specific questions3. Verify total load and center | 1. Material/weight basis2. Point and rigging design3. Landing and roles |
| Competence | 1. Verify required competence2. Assign stop authority3. Inspect ratings/condition | 1. Crane/sling IDs2. Training and task briefing3. Shift limit-test record |
| Prestart evidence | 1. Inspect actual equipment2. Link evidence to this stage3. Stand clear of load | 1. Balance and rigging2. Brake response3. Interference check |
| Change control | 1. Stop and secure the area2. Review affected controls3. Stop and control area | 1. Symptom/load position2. Exclusion and controls3. Corrected checks |
| Shift handover | 1. Identify remaining restrictions2. Confirm receiving responsibility3. Park by instructions | 1. Hook/controller state2. Crane/rigging defects3. Restrictions/receiver |
| Closeout | 1. Record defect disposition2. Archive factual evidence3. Park by instructions | 1. Hook/controller state2. Crane/rigging defects3. Restrictions/receiver |
7. Hold points and record quality
| Hold point | Evidence before release | Actual record |
|---|---|---|
| HP-0 Start | Use one identified indoor overhead crane with ground-level controls and suitable rigging to lift ordinary material vertically, transfer along a controlled route and land on prepared supports. | |
| HP-1 Inspect crane and rigging | Crane/sling IDs; Hook and sling condition; Controller/brake checks; Shift limit-test record | |
| HP-2 Verify initial lift | Balance and rigging; Brake response; Support separation; Interference check | |
| HP-3 Hold fault or signal loss | Symptom/load position; Exclusion and controls; Recovery plan; Corrected checks | |
| HP-4 Park and hand over | Hook/controller state; Crane/rigging defects; Load and support status; Restrictions/receiver |
Hold points are internal evidence gates. They do not establish that a statutory permit exists or has been approved. Recheck affected gates after changes, faults and shift handover.
Record comparison - hypothetical templates
The 16 boxes below identify record elements, not completed checks or approvals. They are static symbols. Link equipment/location, date, actual findings and the separate record reference; preserve unresolved items.
| Record | Insufficient entry | Required record elements |
|---|---|---|
| Plan load and landing | "Checked" without supporting facts | □ Material/weight basis□ Point and rigging design□ Route/adjacent work□ Landing and roles |
| Rig and clear zone | "Checked" without supporting facts | □ Hitch/angle/points□ Hook/load center□ Edge protection□ Signaler and exclusion |
| Travel and traverse | "Checked" without supporting facts | □ Load/structure clearance□ Route access□ Adjacent crane position□ Communication status |
| Hold fault or signal loss | "Checked" without supporting facts | □ Symptom/load position□ Exclusion and controls□ Recovery plan□ Corrected checks |
8. Pre-work checks and emergency response
| Check required | Result | Checker/action |
|---|---|---|
| Plan load and landing: Material/weight basis | ||
| Inspect crane and rigging: Crane/sling IDs | ||
| Rig and clear zone: Hitch/angle/points | ||
| Verify initial lift: Balance and rigging | ||
| Travel and traverse: Load/structure clearance | ||
| Land and unrig: Final load stability | ||
| Hold fault or signal loss: Symptom/load position | ||
| Park and hand over: Hook/controller state |
Stop work
Do not lift with unknown weight, center, rigging rating or lifting points. Stop for control/direction mismatch, brake/guard fault, tilting, sling movement, lost view/signals or people entering the load path.
Emergency response
Stop crane motion and keep people out of the suspended-load and potential collapse area. Do not catch or push a falling/swinging load or enter beneath it to rescue someone. If the load cannot be landed safely, maintain controls and arrange qualified recovery under the site plan. Call 911 for serious crush or fall injury, identify the crane and load position, and isolate defective equipment before repair.
9. Official sources and review limits
Official public-source check: October 13, 2026. The review concerns the selected passages described below, not endorsement of this article.
| Official source | Checked scope and limit |
|---|---|
| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.179 | Selected load handling paragraph (n), pre-shift no-load upper-limit trial and prohibition on using that limit as an operating control. This scope excludes side pulls despite the regulation conditional exception. |
| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.184 | Selected rating/identification, competent-person pre-use sling inspection, edge protection, clearance and no hands between tightening sling/load requirements. |
| OSHA State Plans | Federal baseline and State Plan coverage reviewed. Confirm the applicable state program and employer coverage; this edition does not establish nationwide compliance. |
Selected public official provisions were checked on October 13, 2026. This is not a complete legal audit. No actual equipment manual, site measurements, engineering calculations, product certification or professional technical approval was supplied. Full paid NFPA/ANSI standards and state/local amendments were not reviewed. Check actual equipment, jurisdiction and project requirements before use.
This is reference content written and revised with AI. It has not been verified or approved by a professional. Review by a suitably qualified professional and required site authorization are necessary before use.
10. PDF use and frequently asked questions
PDF A summarizes core controls; B emphasizes technical failures; C covers supervision, records and handover. Each uses six stages from or aligned with the eight-stage body. All actual risk, measurement, check and signature fields are blank. Use a separate linked record where more space is needed.
Can a trial lift determine an unknown load weight?
No. Establish a reliable weight and rigging basis before lifting.
Can a load be dragged sideways into position?
Side pulls are outside this JSA. Reposition for the planned vertical lift and follow the applicable crane restrictions.
Can someone stop sway by grabbing the load?
Keep clear. Stop motion and use the planned safe recovery/landing method.
When may slings be removed?
After stable support and released tension are confirmed, with hands clear and no sling trapped under the load.
Has a professional approved this JSA?
This is reference content written and revised with AI. It has not been verified or approved by a professional. Review by a suitably qualified professional and required site authorization are necessary before use.
11. Authorship and revision history
This is reference content written and revised with AI. It has not been verified or approved by a professional. Review by a suitably qualified professional and required site authorization are necessary before use.
| Date/version | Editorial history | Technical approval |
|---|---|---|
| October 03, 2026 / Korean v1.0 | Korean source: initial article, evidence, hypothetical decisions and body/PDF editorial checks. | Professional technical approval not performed |
| October 13, 2026 / US v1.0 | US localization: Preserves indoor single-crane scope, controller orientation and rotating-load/lost-signal case. Adds US sling and overhead-crane provisions while distinguishing legally specified brake testing from the broader planned trial lift. | Not performed |
Source topic: https://smartjsabridge.com/ko/case-study/jsa-overhead-crane-load-transfer
Content group: jsa-overhead-crane-load-transfer